1. Introduction After reaching a provisional political agreement on the final text on 30 June 2022, the Markets in Crypto-assets Regulation (MiCA) was formally voted on and adopted in the plenary of the European Parliament on 20 April 2023. Subsequently, MiCA was formally signed into law...
The GDPR will soon celebrate its first lustrum. Since 25 May 2018, organisation in the Netherlands have been obliged to comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This is not always easy, so sometimes things go wrong. Anyone who falls victim to a GDPR-blunder...
Digitalisering in het betalingsverkeer heeft voor een ongekende dynamiek gezorgd. Contant geld wordt steeds minder gebruikt en de coronacrisis heeft dit een extra duwtje in de rug gegeven. Deze ontwikkelingen en het toenemende aantal nieuwe digitale activa dat op de markt is gekomen, deden de...
1. Introduction: Establishing the Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) has been referred to as the centrepiece of the new Anti-Money Laundering (AML) package by the EU Commission. Broadly speaking, it will promote cooperation and convergence of AML and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) practices across the...
1. Introduction: The recast of the Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD) and new Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR) serve the primary purpose of the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) package to increase and facilitate cooperation between Member States in the fight against money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF), while...
1. Introduction: The Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR) was adopted in 2015, laying down rules on the necessary payer and payee information that must accompany transfers of funds within the EU. Its purpose is to assist Member States’ authorities in preventing and detecting money laundering and...
1. Introduction: In July 2021, the European Commission presented a new package of legislative proposals to strengthen the measures against money laundering and financing of terrorism across the European Union. This package consists of a Regulation establishing the new EU Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA), an Anti-Money...
Artificial intelligence has revolutionised the way we interact with technology, and one of the most recent and impressive examples of this is the development of language models such as ChatGPT. However, due to its broad applicability and fast emergence, ChatGPT has created many legal uncertainties, among...
1 - Crypto-Asset Service Providers Crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) are companies that help users control, trade or store their crypto-assets. Examples include Luxembourg based Blockchain.com, a virtual cryptocurrency wallet provider responsible for facilitating 28% of global bitcoin transactions, Bitpanda, an Austrian based exchange enabling the purchase...
1. Setting the Scene According to the MiCA Article 3 definitions, asset-referenced and e-money tokens are crypto assets primarily intended as means of exchange that purport to maintain a stable value by reference to other forms of capital. However, while asset-referenced tokens may refer to baskets...